英语中不定代词用法总结 either, neither, another, each用法

英语中不定代词用法总结

不定代词在英语中应用广泛，作为代词，在一定范围内泛指，承担句中的成分，表达的意义、用法都有所区别，现总结如下。

一、不定代词分类

1. 一般不定代词：each, either, other, another, much, many, more, most, some, any, both, all, (a) little, (a) few, neither, none 等

2. 复合不定代词，由some, any, no, every和body, thing, one两两搭配构成的合成词：somebody, something, someone, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, none, everybody, everyone, everything。

二、常见易混搭配辨析

1. each, either

Either表示两个中的一个；each表示三个或三个以上中的一个。

Each of the student has a special dream. 每个学生都有个特殊的梦想。

Either of them did this job. 他俩中的一个做了这份工作。

2. all, both

(1) all和both都表示整体，both指两者, all指三者或三者以上。在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。

All of us like Mr. Pope.（作主语）

We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语)

All the water has been used up. (作主语)

That’s all for today. (作表语)

Why not eat all of the fish? (作宾语)

All the leaders are here. (作定语)

All knowledge comes from practice. (作定语)

(2) both 和 all 加否定词为部分否定。如果表示全部否定，要分别用neither和none。

Both of us are not good at singing. 我俩不都擅长唱歌。

Neither of us is good at singing. 我俩都不擅长唱歌。

All of the teachers are not foreigners. 所有老师不都是外国人。

None of the teachers are foreigners. 所有老师都不是外国人。

3. none和其他

(1) none在句中不能单独作主语，常和of 连用一起作主语，谓语动词可单可复。

None of them work out this question.

None of the furniture is fit for your room.

(2) 其它复合不定代词可 单独作主语，但不能同of连用。

Everyone hopes to work out this question.

4. anyone/any one；no one/none的用法

(1) anyone只指人; any one既可指人，也可指物

Please let me know if anyone calls me.

Tom doesn’t know any one of the team.

The boy doesn’t like any one of these toys.

(2) no one只指人; none既可指人，也可指物，不能单独做主语, 后跟of组成短语一起做主语，谓语动词依none后面名词而定

None of the students come from America.

None of the water saves these dying trees.

Did anyone call me up just now? — No one. （没人）

5. neither与nor的用法

(1) 两者一起用，表示两者都不

Neither Tom nor John can speak Chinese. 汤姆和约翰都不能说汉语。

(2) 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。

If you don’t do it，neither do I. 如果你不干，我也不干。

(3) 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。

He can’t sing，nor dance，nor skate.

6. neither, either；neither nor, either or

(1) neither 表示“两者都不”，neither…nor… 意为“既不，又不”。

Neither of the answer is right. 两个答案都不是对的。

I have neither time nor money to take a trip. 我既没有时间也没有钱去旅行。

(2) either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，either…or… 意为“或是…或是…”

Either sentence is right. 两个句子中有一个是对的。

You can either go or stay here. 你可以走或者呆在这。

7. Some, any的用法

(1) 都可用作主语，宾语，some常用于肯定句中, any但常用于否定句或疑问句中。

—Have you any French books? — Yes, I have some.

—Does any of you know Mr. Liu? — I don’t like any of these pictures

(2) some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接可数名词复数，或者不可数名词，谓语动词由名词决定。

Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.

Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

(3) any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接可数名词复数，或者不可数名词，谓语动词由名词决定。

Have you got any tea?

There isn’t any orange in the bottle.

(4) any用于肯定句，表示 “ 任何”的意思

You may come to ask questions at any time.

If you have any questions, just let me know.

(5) 当问句表示邀请或者请求，或期待得到肯定回答时要用 some。

Shall I get some for you?

Would you like some coffee?

8. other, the other, others, another 用法

(1) other用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”, 常与one搭配构成“one …, the other …”句型。

He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.

She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

(2) other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，

★ 泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some …., others …”句型。

Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

★ “the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。

We got home by 4 o’clock, but the others didn’t get back until 8 o’clock.

In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

(3) other也可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”

Where are his other books?

I haven’t any other books except this one.

(5) another

★ 代词，表示“另一个” I’m still hungry after I’ve had this cake. Please give me another.

★ 形容词, 意为“另一个”，还可以修饰代词one.

You can see another ship in the sea, can’t you?

Mary doesn’t want to buy this skirt.

Would you please show her another one?

9. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别

(1) (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词

(2) a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点

He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

(3) few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了

He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友

There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。

(4) a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。

I’m a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)

She slept very little last night. 做完他睡得很少。

(5) 固定搭配:

only a few (=few)很少；

not a few (=many), quite a few (=many), many a (=many) 很多

Not a little = very 很，非常

Not a bit = not at all 一点也不，完全否定=not the least

试区别如下句子：

Only a few students passed the exam. 只有几个学生通过了考试。

Not a few students passed the exam. 很多学生通过了考试。

I have not a few friends in school. = I have quite a few friends in school. 学校里我有很多朋友。

Many books were sold. 很多书都卖了。

Many a book was sold. 很多书都卖了。

There is not a little hot in summer. 非常热。

There is not a bit hot in summer. 一点也不热。

10. it 的用法

(1) 指代前面提到过的事物 This is not my book. It is Jim’s.

(2) 指代指示代词 this \that What’s this? It is a book.

(3) 指婴儿或不明身份的人 Who is the baby in the picture? It’s my brother.

(4) 指时间或季节 What is your favourite season? It’s autumn.

(5) 表距离 How far is it from here to your school?

(6) 表天气What’s the weather like in Beijing in winter? It’ cold.

(7) 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中

★ It’s + adj.+ (for **.) to do sth.

It’s difficult for me to finish the work on time.

★ It’s time to do \for\that…

It’s time to go home. \ It’s time for lunch. \ It’s time that we should do the homework.

★ It seems that…

It seems that you have finished all the work already.

★ It’s one’s turn to do sth.

It’s my turn to buy the ticket.

★ It is +adj. + that..

It’s great that you finished the work on time.

(8) 用作形式宾语

Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?

I think it important for you to finish the homework at first.

(9) 引导强调句型 It is\ was +被强调部分+ that\ who +其它成分 )

It is Lucy who would like to help me at critical moment. 是露西在关键时刻愿意帮我。

It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. 在公园里汤姆丢了手表。

11. It, one (ones) ,that, (those) 作替代词时的区别

(1) it 特制上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物 The book is mine. It’s very interesting.

(2) 泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物—Who has a pen?— I have one.

(3) That常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词（可数名词单数或不可数名词），those常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词复数，以避免重复

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.

The apples in red box are bigger than those in the green one.

二. 复合不定代词的用法

1. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式

Everybody in our class is interested in English.

2. 修饰复合不定代词的词必须放在其后

I have something important to tell you. (一些重要的事情)

We need one more help. Can you find anyone else?